Displasia fibrosa maxilar. Del diagnóstico al tratamiento. Reporte de caso / Maxillary fibrous dysplasia. From diagnosis to treatment: Case report / Displasia fibrosa maxilar. Do diagnóstico ao tratamento: Relato de caso

La displasia fibrosa se puede presentar, en cualquier persona, por una mutación en los primeros meses de gestación. Se trata de lesiones óseas benignas en pacientes jóvenes, en las que el tejido óseo normal es sustituido por tejido conectivo fibroso, debido a una alteración funcional de las células, siendo esta la antesala de una neoplasia. El objetivo de éste artículo es presentar un caso local de Displasia Fibrosa Maxilar, enfatizando el manejo clínico, radiográfico, pre y postoperatorio más pertinente. Por lo tanto, se describe el caso de un paciente adolescente de género masculino, afectado por displasia fibrosa en hemimaxilar derecho, a quien le fueron realizados los estudios imagenológicos e histopatológicos necesarios para obtener el diagnóstico definitivo y decidir el abordaje menos invasivo posible cumpliendo con estándares de estética facial; se realizó abordaje intrabucal para shaving óseo, con sedación consciente bajo estricta vigilancia de la especialista en anestesiología y reanimación. Una vez logrado el contorno deseado mediante el uso de piezas de mano de alta y baja velocidad, se realizó la sutura de los tejidos y el paciente egresó ambulante y con buen estado general de salud.

Fibrous dysplasia can occur in any person due to a mutation in the first months of gestation. These are benign bone lesions in young patients, in which the normal bone tissue is replaced by fibrous connective tissue, due to a functional alteration of the cells, being this the prelude to a neoplasm. The aim of this article is to present a local case of Maxillary Fibrous Dysplasia, emphasizing the most relevant clinical, radiographic, pre and postoperative management. Therefore, we describe the case of an adolescent male patient, affected by fibrous dysplasia in the right hemimaxillary, who underwent the necessary imaging and histopathological studies to obtain the definitive diagnosis and decide the least invasive approach possible in compliance with facial aesthetic standards; an intraoral approach was performed for bone shaving, with conscious sedation under strict supervision of the specialist in anesthesiology and resuscitation. Once the desired contour was achieved through the use of high and low speed handpieces, the tissues were sutured and the patient was discharged ambulatory and in good general health.

A displasia fibrosa pode ocorrer em qualquer pessoa devido a uma mutação nos primeiros meses de gestação. São lesões ósseas benignas em pacientes jovens, nas quais o tecido ósseo normal é substituído por tecido conjuntivo fibroso, devido a uma alteração funcional das células, sendo esse o prelúdio de uma neoplasia. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um caso local de Displasia Fibrosa Maxilar, enfatizando o manejo clínico, radiográfico, pré e pós-operatório mais pertinente. Portanto, descrevemos o caso de um paciente adolescente do sexo masculino, afetado por displasia fibrosa no hemimaxilar direito, que foi submetido aos exames de imagem e histopatológicos necessários para obter um diagnóstico definitivo e decidir sobre a abordagem menos invasiva possível, em conformidade com os padrões estéticos faciais; foi realizada uma abordagem intraoral para raspagem óssea, com sedação consciente sob estrita supervisão do especialista em anestesiologia e ressuscitação. Depois que o contorno desejado foi obtido com o uso de peças de mão de alta e baixa velocidade, os tecidos foram suturados e o paciente recebeu alta ambulatorial em bom estado geral de saúde.

EWSR1-SMAD3 positive fibroblastic tumor: a clinicopathological analysis / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotypes and molecular genetics of EWSR1-SMAD3 positive fibroblastic tumor (ESFT) with an emphasis on differential diagnosis. Methods: The clinicopathological data, immunohistochemical profiles and molecular profiles of 3 ESFT cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2018 to 2021were analyzed. The related literature was also reviewed. Results: There were two males and one female. The patients were 24, 12 and 36 years old, respectively. All three tumors occurred in the subcutis of the foot with the disease duration of 6 months to 2 years. The tumors were presented with a slowly growing mass or nodule, accompanied with pain in 1 patient. The tumors ranged in size from 0.1 to 1.6 cm (mean, 1.0 cm). Microscopically, the tumors were located in the subcutaneous tissue with a nodular or plexiform growth pattern. They were composed of cellular fascicles of bland spindle cells with elongated nuclei and fine chromatin. One of the tumors infiltrated into adjacent adipose tissue. There was no nuclear atypia or mitotic activities. All three tumors showed prominent stromal hyalinization with zonal pattern present in one case. Focal punctate calcification was noted in two cases. The immunohistochemical studies showed that tumor cells were diffusely positive for ERG and negative for CD31 and CD34, with Ki-67 index less than 2%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization on the two tested cases identified EWSR1 gene rearrangement. The next generation sequencing analysis demonstrated EWSR1-SMAD3 fusion in all three cases. During the follow up, one patient developed local recurrence 24 months after the surgery. Conclusions: ESFT is a benign fibroblastic neoplasm and has a predilection for the foot, characterized by ERG immunoreactivity and EWSR1-SMAD3 fusion. Local recurrence might occur when incompletely excised. Familiarity with its clinicopathological features is helpful in distinguishing it from other spindle cell neoplasms that tend to occur at acral sites.

Agreement Between Clinical-Radiographic and Histopathological Diagnoses in Maxillofacial Fibro-Osseous Lesions

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the agreement of clinical and radiographic diagnosis with the histopathological diagnosis in fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws. Material and Methods: An analytical and exploratory study was made based on systematic collected data, carried out in the laboratory of surgical pathology of a public Dental School. There were evaluated cases of fibrous dysplasia (FD), cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) and ossifyng fibroma (OF), diagnosed by clinical, radiographic (panoramic and periapical radiography), and histopathological analysis, in a period of 12 years (from March 2001 to June 2013). Descriptive and inferential statistics (Fisher's exact test) were obtained. Results: Ninety-six cases of FOLs were evaluated. The radiographic aspects of the FOLs studied did not differ significantly (p=0.09). Radiolucent lesions were the least frequent, corresponding to approximately 13.5% of radiographic findings. Mixed lesions and radiopaques were more present, how they were COD and FD, respectively. The more aggressive variation of OF (Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma - JOF) was less frequent among the pathologies evaluated. In approximately 61.46% of the cases clinical and radiographic diagnosis were confirmed by histopathological diagnosis of FOLs. The highest agreement and the highest disagreement were observed in COD cases (40.7% and 62.2%, respectively). Conclusion: FOLs of the maxillaries represent a group of lesions in which the establishment of the clinical and radiographic diagnosis supported by the histopathological confirmation is critical and challenging.

Avaliação de polimorfismos nos genes XPD e XRCC3 em carcinomas orais de células escamosas / Evaluation of polymorphisms in the XPD and XRCC3 genes in oral squamous cell carcinomas

O carcinoma oral de células escamosas (COCE) é importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo a despeito dos recentes avanços nas formas de tratamento. Diante disto, várias são as pesquisas no intuito de se encontrar marcadores que possam melhorar a avaliação do prognóstico desta doença. Neste sentido têm se destacado os estudos dos polimorfismos genéticos, os quais podem influenciar a suscetibilidade individual para o desenvolvimento do câncer. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre a frequência dos polimorfismos XPD Lys751Gln e XRCC3 Thr241Met e o perfil clinicopatológico em casos de COCE, incluindo idade, sexo, presença ou não de metástase e gradação histológica de malignidade de Bryne (1998). A amostra foi composta por 54 casos de COCE e 40 casos de hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória (HFI). Os casos de COCE foram classificados como lesões de baixo ou de alto grau de malignidade. Foram utilizadas amostras de DNA previamente extraído de blocos de parafina. Os genótipos para cada caso foram determinados através da técnica de PCR-RFLP (reação em cadeia da polimerase - polimorfismos de comprimento de fragmentos de restrição). Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos Exato de Fisher e Quiquadrado de Pearson e foi calculada a razão de chance (odds ratio) considerando o nível de significância quando p<0,05. Para o XPD, o genótipo Lys/Gln foi mais comum nas HFIs (n=28; 70%) que nos COCEs (n=24; 44,4%) (OR: 0,3; p<0,05). A frequência do alelo Gln foi maior nas lesões de alto grau, em comparação às de baixo grau (0,48 e 0,21, respectivamente) (OR: 3,4; p<0,05). Para o XRCC3, o alelo Met foi mais frequente no COCE que na HFI (0,49 e 0,35, respectivamente) (OR: 2,6; p<0,05). O genótipo Met/Met foi associado à presença de metástases (OR: 8,1; p<0,05). Não houve associação estatística significativa entre os genótipos e a idade ou sexo dos pacientes. Na amostra analisada, a maior frequência do alelo XPD Gln na HIF revela um possível papel protetor dessa variante contra o desenvolvimento do COCE. Todavia, sua associação com lesões de alto grau, indica que esse alelo poderia influenciar no processo de progressão após o tumor instalado. A presença do alelo XRCC3 Met, por sua vez, parece contribuir com o desenvolvimento do COCE e de metástases nessas lesões. (AU)

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite recent advances in treatment. There are several studies aiming to find markers that may improve the assessment of this disease prognosis. Studies about genetic polymorphisms have gained prominence due to their influence on individual susceptibility to cancer development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the frequency of polymorphisms XPD Lys751Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Met and clinicopathological features of OSCC cases, including age, sex, presence or absence of metastases, and histological grading of malignancy according to Bryne (1998). Sample consisted of 54 cases of OSCC and 40 cases of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH). OSCC cases were classified as low or high grade. DNA samples were previously extracted from paraffin blocks. Genotypes for each case were determined through PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism). Results were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test and the odds ratio was calculated considering p < 0.05 to indicate statistical significance. For XPD, Lys/Gln genotype was more common in IFHs (n=28; 70%) than in OSCCs (n=24; 44.4%) (OR: 0.3; p<0.05). Frequency of Gln allele was higher in high-grade lesions when compared to low grade lesions (0.48 and 0.21, respectively) (OR: 3.4; p<0.05). For XRCC3, Met allele was more common in OSCC than in IFH (0.49 and 0.35, respectively) (OR: 2.6; p<0.05). Met/Met genotype was associated with presence of metastases (OR: 8.1; p<0.05). There was no statistically significant association between the genotypes and the age or sex of patients. In the present sample, the higher frequency of XPD Gln allele in IFH reveals a possible protective role of this variant against the development of OSCC. However, its association with high-grade lesions indicates that this allele could influence the tumor progression after the neoplasia development. The presence of XRCC3 Met allele, in turn, seems to contribute to the development of OSCC and metastases. (AU)

A Case of Fibrous Pseudotumor of the Paratesticular Region

A 78-year-old male patient presented with an inguinoscrotal nodule that had lasted for 3 years. The patient reported a past medical history of hydrocele formation. The final diagnosis was fibrous pseudotumor of the paratesticular region, which was based on a histopathological examination and immunohistochemical findings. The aim of this case report is to spread awareness and recognition of neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities that occur in the paratesticular region.

Clinicopathologic features of calcifying fibrous tumor with reappraisal of its histogenesis / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features and histogenesis of calcifying fibrous tumor (CFT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical manifestations, histopathologic characteristics and immunophenotype were analyzed in 11 cases of CFT.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The male-to-female ratio was 5:6, with a mean age of 38 years and age range of 25 to 52 years. The sites of involvement included abdominopelvic cavity (n=6), soft tissue (n=4) and scrotum (n=1). Most patients presented with a gradually enlarging and painless mass. Nearly half of the cases were associated with other diseases or history of inflammation, trauma or surgical intervention. One third of the tumors represented incidental findings and showed no recurrence after resection. Imaging revealed a solitary solid soft tissue mass or multiple nodules with clear borders and associated high-density calcifications. Macroscopically, the tumors were well-circumscribed but non-encapsulated. They ranged from 0.5 to 20.0 cm in diameter and were tan-greyish, round to oval, lobulated or irregular and solid with rubbery consistency. The cut surface was whitish to tan-yellowish, gritty and showed scattered spotty yellowish discoloration corresponding to the foci of dystrophic calcifications. Histologically, CFT was composed of hyalinized fibrous tissue and thickened vessel walls with interspersed bland spindly fibroblastic cells, scattered psammomatous calcifications, dystrophic calcification and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. In addition, focal cloak-like polymorph infiltration at the tumor periphery and entrapment of adipocytes and nerves were demonstrated in some cases. Foci resembling solitary fibrous tumor, fibromatosis, keloid or inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor were observed. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were diffusely positive for vimentin and focally positive for CD34, factor VIII-related antigen and beta-catenin. The admixed plasma cells were notably IgG positive, with more than 50% being IgG4 positive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CFT has characteristic histopathologic manifestations and shows morphologic and immunohistochemical overlaps with known IgG4-related sclerosing diseases. It is possible that CFT may represent another example of IgG4-related diseases. It often runs a benign clinical course, with rare recurrence after surgical resection. Previous inflammation and trauma may be the precipitating factors of CFT.</p>

Angiomyfibroblastoma of the vulva: report of a rare distinct entity

Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor of lower female genital tract. It has characteristic histomorphology and shows myofibroblastic differentiation. Clinically it is imperative to differentiate angiomyofibroblastoma from other mesenchymal tumors of this region especially aggressive angiomyxoma which is locally infiltrative and needs long term follow-up. We report clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features of a case of angiomyofibroblastoma and discuss relevant points regarding histogenesis and biological behaviour. We stress the need to recognize this tumor on clinicopathologic basis to avoid any potential therapeutic implications

Ultrasonido en el estudio de tumores de las partes blandas: [revisión] / Ultrasound in the study of soft-tissue tumors: [review]

Ultrasound (US) has become a method of multiple applications in clinical and radiological practice. Over the last years, however, US has developed as a reliable and useful diagnostic method in muscle-skeletal system diseases as well as in rheumatological and traumatologic pathologies, being the sports medicine setting where it reaches an ever-increasing acceptance among clinicians. Soft-tissue tumors constitutes an area where US plays a relatively secondary role if compared with Magnetic Resonance Imaging, a more expensive technique that, when dealing with certain specific entities, may offer less accuracy in sensitivity and specificity results than those provided by US. This study was conducted to demonstrate Ultrasound abilities in the diagnosis and characterization of most frequent soft-tissue tumors.

El ultrasonido se ha constituido en un método de múltiples aplicaciones en nuestro medio. En los últimos años se ha difundido su utilización como método diagnóstico en la patología del sistema musculoesquelético, especialmente en enfermedades reumatológicas, traumatológicas en general y en la esfera de la medicina deportiva, donde goza de creciente aceptación por parte de los clínicos. El área de los tumores de partes blandas constituye un segmento de la patología en que el ultrasonido juega un rol relativamente secundario en relación a la resonancia magnética, método más oneroso, que en algunas entidades específicas puede tener un rendimiento inferior al ultrasonido. El presente artículo pretende revisar las capacidades del ultrasonido en el estudio de los tumores de partes blandas más frecuentes.

Local recurrences of meningeal solitary fibrous tumour with loss of CD34 expression: a diagnostic challenge with prognostic relevance during a 9-year follow-up and literature review

We report the case of a 41-year-old man suffering for nine years from solitary fibrous tumour [SFT] of the tentorium cerebella. The tumour recurred twice, being characterized by a stepwise loss of antigenic profile and an enhanced proliferative activity. Meningeal SFTs are seldom described in literature. Malignant variants occur at peripheral sites but are not known within the central nervous system. Our case can provide deeper information about the tumour's behavior during long-term follow-up

Solitary fibrous tumour: a diagnostic dilemma.

Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a rare spindle cell neoplasm arising at pleural and extrapleural sites. Five cases of SFT diagnosed at our institution over a five year period were reviewed. Haematoxylin and eosin stained histological sections, immuno-histochemical markers including CD34 and electron microscopy were the different methods used to study these tumours. Three histological features were consistently observed in all the tumours: the tumours were composed of short spindle cells separated by dense collagen bands and arranged in alternate hypocellular and hypercellular areas. CD34 positivity was seen in all the cases. SFT's have been reported to behave in an unpredictable fashion and hence prolonged follow up is essential. Histology, CD34 positivity and electron microscopy are useful tools in diagnosing SFT. While the pleural tumours can be diagnosed based on histology, this must be substantiated by ancillary techniques in case of extrapleural tumours.

Ténicas de imagen en el diagnóstico del tumor fibroso pleural solitario / Ténicas of image in the diagnosis of the fibrous tumor pleural solitaire

Se expone un caso de tumor fibroso pleural solitario, que se genera en las células dendríticas intersticiales. Es un tumor infrecuente (menos del 5 por ciento de todos los tumores pleurales), aunque ocacionalmente puede presentar manifestaciones extratorácicas paraneoplásicas muy evocadoras, como osteoartropatía de Pierre-Marie y severas hipoglucemias episódicas. Se hace una revisión de las investigaciones radiológicas (Rx de tórax, tomografía computada y resonancia magnética) y se concluye que los hallazgos radiológicos son decisivos para orientar el diagnóstico, el que debe ser corroborado con técnicas histológicas. Aunque los tumores fibrosos pleurales solitarios son considerados benignos, tinen un riesgo de recurrencias, por lo que es obligado someterlos a una resección quirúrgica completa.

Comparison of Sporadic Sclerotic Fibroma and Solitary Fibrous Tumor in the Oral Cavity

Sporadic sclerotic fibroma (SF) and solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) arising in the oral cavity are very rare. In this report, we describe two cases of oral pathology, one involving SF and the other involving SFT. Both cases presented with well- circumscribed, firm nodules with similar gross findings. However, the histologic findings of the SF and SFT showed rather distinct features. The SF was composed of hyalinized sclerotic collagen bundles arranged in a whorled pattern, whereas the SFT was formed by spindles cells arranged in hypo- and hypercellular areas. The immunohistochemical findings were similar in both cases; there was positivity for vimentin, CD34, and CD99, but bcl-2 positivity was only seen in the SFT. Although their histopathologies are similar, SF and SFT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors in the oral cavity.

Solitary Fibrous Tumor Arising from Stomach: CT Findings

Solitary fibrous tumors are spindle-cell neoplasms that usually develop in the pleura and peritoneum, and rarely arise in the stomach. To our knowledge, there is only one case reporting a solitary fibrous tumor arising from stomach in the English literature. Here we report the case of a 26-year-old man with a large solitary fibrous tumor arising from the stomach which involved the submucosa and muscular layer and resembled a gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the stomach, based on what was seen during abdominal computed tomography. A solitary fibrous tumor arising from the stomach, although rare, could be considered as a diagnostic possibility for gastric submucosal tumors.

Tumor fibroso solitario gigante de pleura: presentación de un caso / Pleural solitary fibrous tumors

Las neoplasias pleurales primitivas son poco frecuentes. De ellas, los tumores fibrosos solitarios pleurales son una variedad benigna, de clínica habitualmente silente y hallazgo incidental. Sin embargo, en ocasiones tiene una evolución locamente agresiva e incluso pone en peligro la vida del paciente. El tratamiento de elección es la resección quirúrgica. Se presenta un caso de un paciente de 63 años de edad, sin antecedentes de significación con un tumor fibroso solitario pleural gigante cuya principal sintomatología inicial es la disnea progresiva. Como tratamiento, se realiza una toracotomía posterolateral con exéresis completa de un tumor de 3.435 gramos de peso. Además se realiza una breve revisión del tema.

Tumor fibroso solitário do rim: descrição de caso / Solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney: a case report

Apresentamos um caso de tumor renal num paciente de 27 anos de idade, que foi submetido a estudo de imagem por tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética. As características radiológicas da massa induziam para um diagnóstico de tumor renal maligno de origem intraparanquimatosa. No entanto, o estudo histopatológico revelou tumor fibroso solitário benigno originário da pelve e porção calicial do rim direito.

Terapêutica cirúrgica da hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória: relato de caso / Surgical therapy of fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia: a case report

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de demonstrar um caso clínico de hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória com seis meses de evolução e localização atípica. A lesão foi originada a partir de uma prótese total superior mal adaptada que gerava um traumatismo crônico de baixa intensidade. O caso nos conduziu a uma terapêutica cirúrgica de remoção total da lesão e suspensão dos agentes irritantes que culminaram em excelente pós-operatório e ausência de recidivas.